diff --git a/opal-task/cmd/add.go b/opal-task/cmd/add.go
index 9234f4d..a8f626f 100644
--- a/opal-task/cmd/add.go
+++ b/opal-task/cmd/add.go
@@ -15,12 +15,15 @@ var addCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Long: `Add a new task with optional modifiers.
 
 Examples:
-  opal add "Buy groceries"
-  opal add "Review PR" priority:H project:backend
-  opal add "Team meeting" due:mon recur:1w +meetings`,
-	Args: cobra.MinimumNArgs(1),
+  opal add buy groceries                          # No quotes needed!
+  opal add review PR priority:H project:backend
+  opal add buy groceries +shop carrots            # Tag can be anywhere
+  opal add team meeting due:mon recur:1w +meetings`,
 	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
-		if err := addTask(args); err != nil {
+		parsed := getParsedArgs(cmd)
+		// For add, combine filters and modifiers (all are args to parse)
+		allArgs := append(parsed.Filters, parsed.Modifiers...)
+		if err := addTask(allArgs); err != nil {
 			fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Error: %v\n", err)
 			os.Exit(1)
 		}
@@ -28,13 +31,16 @@ Examples:
 }
 
 func addTask(args []string) error {
-	// First arg is description, rest are modifiers
-	description := args[0]
-	modifierArgs := args[1:]
+	// Parse description and modifiers from args
+	// Description = all words that are NOT filters/modifiers
+	// Filters/Modifiers = words with +, -, or containing :
+	description, modifierArgs, err := parseAddArgs(args)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 
 	// Parse modifiers
 	var mod *engine.Modifier
-	var err error
 
 	if len(modifierArgs) > 0 {
 		mod, err = engine.ParseModifier(modifierArgs)
@@ -65,6 +71,33 @@ func addTask(args []string) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// parseAddArgs extracts description and modifiers from args
+// Description = all non-filter/modifier words joined with spaces
+// Filters/Modifiers = args with +, -, or containing :
+func parseAddArgs(args []string) (string, []string, error) {
+	var descParts []string
+	var modifiers []string
+
+	for _, arg := range args {
+		isFilterOrModifier := strings.HasPrefix(arg, "+") ||
+			strings.HasPrefix(arg, "-") ||
+			strings.Contains(arg, ":")
+
+		if isFilterOrModifier {
+			modifiers = append(modifiers, arg)
+		} else {
+			descParts = append(descParts, arg)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if len(descParts) == 0 {
+		return "", nil, fmt.Errorf("description is required")
+	}
+
+	description := strings.Join(descParts, " ")
+	return description, modifiers, nil
+}
+
 func addRecurringTask(description string, mod *engine.Modifier) error {
 	// Extract recurrence pattern
 	recurPattern := mod.SetAttributes["recur"]
@@ -72,6 +105,11 @@ func addRecurringTask(description string, mod *engine.Modifier) error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("no recurrence pattern specified")
 	}
 
+	// Validate: recurring tasks must have due date
+	if mod.SetAttributes["due"] == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("recurring tasks require a due date (use due:YYYY-MM-DD or due:monday)")
+	}
+
 	duration, err := engine.ParseRecurrencePattern(*recurPattern)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("invalid recurrence pattern: %w", err)
diff --git a/opal-task/cmd/count.go b/opal-task/cmd/count.go
index 72fb350..50498de 100644
--- a/opal-task/cmd/count.go
+++ b/opal-task/cmd/count.go
@@ -12,7 +12,8 @@ var countCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:   "count [filter...]",
 	Short: "Count matching tasks",
 	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
-		if err := countTasks(args); err != nil {
+		parsed := getParsedArgs(cmd)
+		if err := countTasks(parsed.Filters); err != nil {
 			fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Error: %v\n", err)
 			os.Exit(1)
 		}
diff --git a/opal-task/cmd/delete.go b/opal-task/cmd/delete.go
index a4092c1..f89c4b6 100644
--- a/opal-task/cmd/delete.go
+++ b/opal-task/cmd/delete.go
@@ -12,7 +12,8 @@ var deleteCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:   "delete [filter...]",
 	Short: "Delete tasks",
 	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
-		if err := deleteTasks(args); err != nil {
+		parsed := getParsedArgs(cmd)
+		if err := deleteTasks(parsed.Filters); err != nil {
 			fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Error: %v\n", err)
 			os.Exit(1)
 		}
diff --git a/opal-task/cmd/done.go b/opal-task/cmd/done.go
index 2db3ba6..e1ca8fb 100644
--- a/opal-task/cmd/done.go
+++ b/opal-task/cmd/done.go
@@ -14,11 +14,14 @@ var doneCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Long: `Mark one or more tasks as completed.
 
 Examples:
-  opal 1 done              # Complete task with display ID 1
-  opal +urgent done        # Complete all urgent tasks
-  opal project:backend done`,
+  opal done 1              # Complete task with display ID 1
+  opal 1 done              # Flexible syntax (same as above)
+  opal done +urgent        # Complete all urgent tasks
+  opal +urgent done        # Flexible syntax (same as above)
+  opal done project:backend`,
 	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
-		if err := completeTasks(args); err != nil {
+		parsed := getParsedArgs(cmd)
+		if err := completeTasks(parsed.Filters); err != nil {
 			fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Error: %v\n", err)
 			os.Exit(1)
 		}
diff --git a/opal-task/cmd/list.go b/opal-task/cmd/list.go
index a1c64f8..ebcf4ed 100644
--- a/opal-task/cmd/list.go
+++ b/opal-task/cmd/list.go
@@ -17,9 +17,11 @@ Examples:
   opal list                    # List all pending tasks
   opal list +home              # List tasks with +home tag
   opal list project:backend    # List backend project tasks
-  opal list priority:H         # List high priority tasks`,
+  opal list priority:H         # List high priority tasks
+  opal 2 list                  # List using filter 2 (flexible syntax)`,
 	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
-		if err := listTasks(args); err != nil {
+		parsed := getParsedArgs(cmd)
+		if err := listTasks(parsed.Filters); err != nil {
 			fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Error: %v\n", err)
 			os.Exit(1)
 		}
diff --git a/opal-task/cmd/modify.go b/opal-task/cmd/modify.go
index 8466bf6..36b380c 100644
--- a/opal-task/cmd/modify.go
+++ b/opal-task/cmd/modify.go
@@ -9,64 +9,104 @@ import (
 )
 
 var modifyCmd = &cobra.Command{
-	Use:   "modify [filter...] [modifiers...]",
+	Use:   "modify [modifier...]",
 	Short: "Modify task attributes",
+	Long: `Modify task attributes. Filters must come before 'modify', modifiers after.
+
+Examples:
+  opal 2 modify priority:H
+  opal +urgent modify due:tomorrow
+  opal project:backend modify priority:L
+  opal modify priority:H               # Modify ALL pending tasks (with confirmation)`,
 	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
-		if err := modifyTasks(args); err != nil {
+		parsed := getParsedArgs(cmd)
+		if err := modifyTasks(parsed.Filters, parsed.Modifiers); err != nil {
 			fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Error: %v\n", err)
 			os.Exit(1)
 		}
 	},
 }
 
-func modifyTasks(args []string) error {
-	// Split into filter and modifier
-	// Simple heuristic: modifiers contain ':', filters might not
-	filterArgs := []string{}
-	modifierArgs := []string{}
-
-	for _, arg := range args {
-		// If it starts with + or -, it could be either
-		// If it contains : and a value, it's likely a modifier
-		// Numeric args are filters
-		// For now, put everything in modifiers (will be improved)
-		modifierArgs = append(modifierArgs, arg)
-	}
-
+func modifyTasks(filterArgs, modifierArgs []string) error {
+	// Validate we have modifiers
 	if len(modifierArgs) == 0 {
-		return fmt.Errorf("no modifiers specified")
+		return fmt.Errorf("no modifiers specified (modifiers must come after 'modify')")
 	}
 
-	// Try to parse as filter first to get the ID
-	filter, _ := engine.ParseFilter(filterArgs)
+	// Parse filter (or use default if no filters specified)
+	var filter *engine.Filter
+	var err error
 
-	ws, _ := engine.LoadWorkingSet()
+	if len(filterArgs) == 0 {
+		// No filters = modify all pending tasks (with confirmation)
+		filter = engine.DefaultFilter()
+	} else {
+		filter, err = engine.ParseFilter(filterArgs)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to parse filter: %w", err)
+		}
+	}
 
+	// Load working set for ID resolution
+	ws, err := engine.LoadWorkingSet()
+	if err != nil {
+		// If no working set exists yet, build one
+		ws, err = engine.BuildWorkingSet(filter)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to build working set: %w", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Resolve tasks
 	var tasks []*engine.Task
-	if ws != nil && len(filter.IDs) > 0 {
+
+	if len(filter.IDs) > 0 {
+		// Resolve display IDs
 		for _, id := range filter.IDs {
 			task, err := ws.GetTaskByDisplayID(id)
-			if err == nil {
-				tasks = append(tasks, task)
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
 			}
+			tasks = append(tasks, task)
+		}
+	} else {
+		// Use filter to get tasks
+		tasks, err = engine.GetTasks(filter)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
 		}
 	}
 
 	if len(tasks) == 0 {
-		return fmt.Errorf("no tasks to modify")
+		return fmt.Errorf("no tasks matched")
 	}
 
+	// Confirm if multiple tasks or no filters specified
+	if len(tasks) > 1 || len(filterArgs) == 0 {
+		fmt.Printf("About to modify %d task(s). Proceed? (y/N): ", len(tasks))
+		var confirm string
+		fmt.Scanln(&confirm)
+		if confirm != "y" && confirm != "Y" {
+			fmt.Println("Cancelled.")
+			return nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Parse and apply modifiers
 	mod, err := engine.ParseModifier(modifierArgs)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to parse modifiers: %w", err)
 	}
 
+	modified := 0
 	for _, task := range tasks {
 		if err := mod.Apply(task); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("failed to modify task: %w", err)
+			fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Warning: failed to modify task %s: %v\n", task.UUID, err)
+		} else {
+			modified++
 		}
 	}
 
-	fmt.Printf("Modified %d task(s).\n", len(tasks))
+	fmt.Printf("Modified %d task(s).\n", modified)
 	return nil
 }
diff --git a/opal-task/cmd/root.go b/opal-task/cmd/root.go
index 271b745..58a7c71 100644
--- a/opal-task/cmd/root.go
+++ b/opal-task/cmd/root.go
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package cmd
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
 
@@ -8,14 +9,38 @@ import (
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 )
 
+// ParsedArgs represents preprocessed command arguments
+type ParsedArgs struct {
+	Command   string
+	Filters   []string
+	Modifiers []string
+}
+
+// Context key for parsed args
+type contextKey string
+
+const parsedArgsKey contextKey = "parsedArgs"
+
+// Command classification
+var commandNames = []string{
+	"add", "list", "done", "modify", "delete",
+	"start", "stop", "count", "projects", "tags",
+}
+
+var commandsWithModifiers = map[string]bool{
+	"add":    true,
+	"modify": true,
+}
+
 var rootCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:   "opal",
 	Short: "Opal task manager - taskwarrior-inspired CLI task management",
 	Long: `Opal is a powerful command-line task manager inspired by taskwarrior.
 It supports filtering, tags, priorities, projects, and recurring tasks.`,
 	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
-		// Default behavior: show pending tasks
-		if err := listTasks(args); err != nil {
+		// Default behavior: list tasks
+		parsed := getParsedArgs(cmd)
+		if err := listTasks(parsed.Filters); err != nil {
 			fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Error: %v\n", err)
 			os.Exit(1)
 		}
@@ -23,9 +48,103 @@ It supports filtering, tags, priorities, projects, and recurring tasks.`,
 }
 
 func Execute() error {
+	// Preprocess arguments BEFORE Cobra routing
+	if len(os.Args) > 1 {
+		parsed := preprocessArgs(os.Args[1:])
+
+		// Store in context for commands to use
+		ctx := context.WithValue(context.Background(), parsedArgsKey, parsed)
+		rootCmd.SetContext(ctx)
+
+		// Rewrite os.Args for Cobra based on parsed command
+		// This allows Cobra to route to the correct command
+		if parsed.Command != "list" || len(parsed.Filters) > 0 || len(parsed.Modifiers) > 0 {
+			// Reconstruct args: [command, ...filters, ...modifiers]
+			newArgs := []string{os.Args[0], parsed.Command}
+			newArgs = append(newArgs, parsed.Filters...)
+			newArgs = append(newArgs, parsed.Modifiers...)
+			os.Args = newArgs
+		}
+	}
+
 	return rootCmd.Execute()
 }
 
+// getParsedArgs retrieves preprocessed args from context
+func getParsedArgs(cmd *cobra.Command) *ParsedArgs {
+	if v := cmd.Context().Value(parsedArgsKey); v != nil {
+		if parsed, ok := v.(*ParsedArgs); ok {
+			return parsed
+		}
+	}
+	return &ParsedArgs{}
+}
+
+// preprocessArgs parses command-line arguments before Cobra routing
+// Returns: command name, filters, modifiers
+func preprocessArgs(args []string) *ParsedArgs {
+	if len(args) == 0 {
+		return &ParsedArgs{
+			Command:   "list", // Default command
+			Filters:   []string{},
+			Modifiers: []string{},
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Find command position
+	cmdIdx := -1
+	cmdName := ""
+
+	for i, arg := range args {
+		for _, name := range commandNames {
+			if arg == name {
+				cmdIdx = i
+				cmdName = name
+				break
+			}
+		}
+		if cmdIdx >= 0 {
+			break
+		}
+	}
+
+	// If no command found, treat as filters for default list command
+	if cmdIdx == -1 {
+		return &ParsedArgs{
+			Command:   "list",
+			Filters:   args,
+			Modifiers: []string{},
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Split arguments around command
+	leftArgs := args[:cmdIdx] // Everything before command
+	rightArgs := []string{}
+	if cmdIdx+1 < len(args) {
+		rightArgs = args[cmdIdx+1:] // Everything after command
+	}
+
+	// Determine how to interpret right args
+	if commandsWithModifiers[cmdName] {
+		// Command accepts modifiers
+		// Left = filters, Right = modifiers
+		return &ParsedArgs{
+			Command:   cmdName,
+			Filters:   leftArgs,
+			Modifiers: rightArgs,
+		}
+	} else {
+		// Command doesn't accept modifiers
+		// Both left and right are filters
+		allFilters := append(leftArgs, rightArgs...)
+		return &ParsedArgs{
+			Command:   cmdName,
+			Filters:   allFilters,
+			Modifiers: []string{},
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 func init() {
 	cobra.OnInitialize(initializeApp)
 
diff --git a/opal-task/cmd/start.go b/opal-task/cmd/start.go
index e9adce3..69bbd1a 100644
--- a/opal-task/cmd/start.go
+++ b/opal-task/cmd/start.go
@@ -12,7 +12,8 @@ var startCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:   "start [filter...]",
 	Short: "Start a task (set start time)",
 	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
-		if err := startTasks(args); err != nil {
+		parsed := getParsedArgs(cmd)
+		if err := startTasks(parsed.Filters); err != nil {
 			fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Error: %v\n", err)
 			os.Exit(1)
 		}
diff --git a/opal-task/cmd/stop.go b/opal-task/cmd/stop.go
index f02b2ff..ed44da2 100644
--- a/opal-task/cmd/stop.go
+++ b/opal-task/cmd/stop.go
@@ -12,7 +12,8 @@ var stopCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:   "stop [filter...]",
 	Short: "Stop a task (clear start time)",
 	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
-		if err := stopTasks(args); err != nil {
+		parsed := getParsedArgs(cmd)
+		if err := stopTasks(parsed.Filters); err != nil {
 			fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Error: %v\n", err)
 			os.Exit(1)
 		}
diff --git a/opal-task/internal/engine/recurrence.go b/opal-task/internal/engine/recurrence.go
index 22179bb..0ea2b06 100644
--- a/opal-task/internal/engine/recurrence.go
+++ b/opal-task/internal/engine/recurrence.go
@@ -76,12 +76,19 @@ func SpawnNextInstance(completedInstance *Task) error {
 	}
 
 	// Calculate next due date
-	var nextDue *time.Time
-	if completedInstance.Due != nil {
-		next := CalculateNextDue(*completedInstance.Due, *template.RecurrenceDuration)
-		nextDue = &next
+	// Use End date (completion time) as base, fallback to Due date if End not set
+	var baseDate time.Time
+	if completedInstance.End != nil {
+		baseDate = *completedInstance.End
+	} else if completedInstance.Due != nil {
+		baseDate = *completedInstance.Due
+	} else {
+		return fmt.Errorf("recurring instance has no due or end date")
 	}
 
+	next := CalculateNextDue(baseDate, *template.RecurrenceDuration)
+	nextDue := &next
+
 	// Check if we're past 'until' date
 	if template.Until != nil && nextDue != nil && nextDue.After(*template.Until) {
 		// Don't spawn, recurrence has expired
diff --git a/opal-task/internal/engine/recurrence_test.go b/opal-task/internal/engine/recurrence_test.go
index 16c1c60..ab04f24 100644
--- a/opal-task/internal/engine/recurrence_test.go
+++ b/opal-task/internal/engine/recurrence_test.go
@@ -209,14 +209,18 @@ func TestSpawnNextInstance(t *testing.T) {
 			found = true
 
 			// Verify due date was advanced
+			// New behavior: calculates from End date (completion time), not original due date
 			if task.Due == nil {
 				t.Error("New instance should have due date")
 			} else {
-				expectedDue := CalculateNextDue(*instance1.Due, duration)
-				// Allow 1 second tolerance due to Unix timestamp precision
-				diff := task.Due.Sub(expectedDue)
-				if diff < -time.Second || diff > time.Second {
-					t.Errorf("Expected due date %v, got %v (diff: %v)", expectedDue, *task.Due, diff)
+				// Should be 7 days from when we completed instance1
+				// Allow reasonable tolerance for test timing
+				diff := task.Due.Sub(time.Now())
+				expectedDiff := duration
+				tolerance := 5 * time.Second
+
+				if diff < expectedDiff-tolerance || diff > expectedDiff+tolerance {
+					t.Errorf("Expected due date ~%v from now, got %v from now (diff: %v)", duration, diff, diff-expectedDiff)
 				}
 			}